Identify the market and product category first. Each dossier separates legal duties, referenced standards, evidence and the comparison needed for an award.
Consumer products, including products reasonably likely to be used by consumers. The general safety requirement covers risks not already addressed by specific Union harmonisation legislation; industrial-only equipment and excluded sectors require separate classification.
Electrical safety within the Low Voltage Directive
Electrical equipment designed for 50–1,000 V AC or 75–1,500 V DC, subject to Annex II exclusions. Radio equipment follows RED safety provisions without these voltage limits. A low-voltage DC product is not automatically exempt from general product safety.
Electromagnetic compatibility of non-radio equipment
Apparatus and fixed installations liable to cause electromagnetic disturbance or whose performance can be affected by it. Radio equipment normally addresses EMC through RED. Component status, inherently benign equipment and installation-only supply must be assessed.
Products intentionally emitting or receiving radio waves for communication or radiodetermination, including connected locks, cameras, routers, toys and wearables. A pre-certified radio module does not alone establish conformity of the finished product and antennas.
Restricted substances in electrical and electronic equipment
EEE within the Directive’s defined voltage and category scope, with explicit exclusions, spare-part conditions and time-limited exemptions. The assessment unit for concentration limits is the homogeneous material, not the average of a whole assembled product.
Chemical restrictions in materials and finished articles
Chemical substances, mixtures and finished articles trigger different duties. For textiles, footwear, toys, furniture, plastics, coatings and industrial materials, identify each actual substance, material, contact condition and use before assigning a restriction.
EU · Directive 2006/42/EC; Regulation (EU) 2023/1230
Machinery safety and the 2027 legal transition
Machinery, interchangeable equipment, safety components and other expressly included products; partly completed machinery has a distinct incorporation route. Powered garden tools, industrial robots and motorised gates require classification rather than treating every moving product as a household appliance.
Batteries: category-specific safety, performance and lifecycle duties
All battery categories, including incorporated batteries, with different duties for portable, SLI, light-means-of-transport, electric-vehicle and industrial batteries. A stationary battery energy-storage system triggers specific safety and technical evidence; the complete storage system can also trigger other product laws.
GB · GB product-specific legislation; General Product Safety Regulations 2005; NI EU rules
Great Britain and Northern Ireland: product rules and marking
Great Britain means England, Scotland and Wales; Northern Ireland is a separate product-regulatory jurisdiction. For a consumer product, first identify sector legislation and residual general-safety duties. UKCA, CE and UKNI are different routes, not alternative designs for the same award badge.
GB · Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016, SI 2016/1101
Electrical equipment safety in Great Britain
Electrical equipment designed or adapted for 50–1,000 V AC or 75–1,500 V DC, subject to the Regulations’ exclusions. Radio safety has its own route. Household and workplace equipment are both covered; plugs, conversion plugs and sockets can have separate UK requirements.
GB · Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations 2016, SI 2016/1091
Electromagnetic compatibility in Great Britain
Apparatus and fixed installations within the EMC definitions. Distinguish non-radio equipment from radio equipment, and actual domestic or industrial environments. Installation-specific arrangements do not automatically exempt equipment sold generally.
GB · Radio Equipment Regulations 2017, SI 2017/1206
Radio equipment in Great Britain
Equipment intentionally transmitting or receiving radio waves for communication or radiodetermination. Final-product configuration, antennas, operating bands and the intended jurisdiction determine the assessment; module-level evidence is supporting evidence only.
Restricted substances in electrical equipment: GB and NI
Covered electrical/electronic equipment, cables and spare parts, with category exclusions and exemptions. Concentrations are assessed at homogeneous-material level. GB exemption decisions and NI’s EU-based exemptions require separate checks.
GB · UK REACH; GB CLP; Northern Ireland EU REACH/CLP
UK REACH restrictions and GB chemical classification
Articles, substances and mixtures trigger different requirements. Identify GB or NI, actual chemical identity, material, contact scenario and professional/consumer use. Finished textiles, footwear and plastics often require restriction screening, while paints and adhesives can additionally require mixture classification and labels.
GB · Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008, SI 2008/1597
Machinery supply and safety in Great Britain
Covered machinery, safety components, interchangeable equipment and partly completed machinery. Identify the specific machine and whether it is a finished product, incorporation component or substantial modification; workplace-use obligations remain separate from supply requirements.
GB · GB Batteries Regulations 2008; NI EU 2023/1542 and 2026 enforcement rules
Batteries and accumulators: current GB/NI split
Batteries of different shapes, chemistries and uses, including batteries incorporated in appliances. GB and NI now have expressly distinct placing-on-market regimes; complete product safety, transport and waste-producer duties remain additional questions.
Household electrical equipment: safety classification and applicable standards
Mains-powered equipment designed or marketed for household, personal or similar use in participating EESS jurisdictions. Solely industrial equipment and extra-low-voltage products require a separate scope assessment.
AU · Applicable state/territory WHS plant law; plant registration provisions
Industrial plant: design and item registration
Industrial machinery, pressure equipment, lifting and other plant subject to the local work health and safety regime; registration applies only to specified designs/items.
JP · Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act; technical standards and their interpretation
Electrical products: PSE scope and technical routes
Electrical products actually listed under the Act, including specified and non-specified categories. The household appliance, power supply, lamp, tool or battery definition must be confirmed individually.
JP · MHLW Guidelines for Comprehensive Safety Standards of Machinery; relevant workplace requirements
Machinery safety: risk assessment and Japanese technical basis
Industrial machinery and work equipment within the relevant workplace regime; product-specific mandatory rules remain separate from the general guideline.
KR · Electrical Appliances and Consumer Products Safety Control Act; KATS operating rules and KC safety standards
Electrical safety: certification, confirmation and supplier verification
Electrical products listed under the applicable safety-management schedules. The risk category, product definition and electrical ratings determine the route.
KR · Occupational Safety and Health Act; KCs machinery and protective-device rules
Hazardous machinery: KCs certification and self-declaration
Specified hazardous machines and devices. Presses, cranes, lifts and pressure vessels have certification entries; specified grinders, robots, conveyors, machine tools and woodworking equipment have separate self-declaration entries.
Applicability depends on the product classification, intended use, configuration and actual sales territory. Manufacturing, placing-on-the-market and testing dates, together with transition provisions, are checked as required by each applicable rule. The directory identifies sources; it does not replace assessment of the specific model. Standards are identified by reference, and their authoritative texts remain with the issuing bodies. Official source documents retain their original language.